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Technology is an endless game of innovation. In less than a decade, we’ve gone from PIN dialing to face unlock as the authentication method for our phones. And just when we thought it couldn’t get any better, we’ve got a new innovation that’s taking the tech world by storm: the in-display fingerprint sensor. In-display fingerprint scanners have been the talk of the town for quite some time. After years of rumors and whispers, it’s finally here. So the question is how it differs from conventional capacitive sensors and more importantly how it works. Place your thumb (or finger) on the right side of the screen, usually indicated by a fingerprint graphic, and unlock your phone or authenticate contactless payments. This is called in-display fingerprint scanning.
With most fingerprints, there are three basic patterns: arc, loop, and swirl. An arc pattern is like a wave. The ridge begins at one end, rises slightly in an arc in the middle, and ends at the other end. The second basic loop pattern forms a loop where the ridge begins and ends in the same place. These patterns have deep curves and in some cases the ridges cross each other. The third pattern is the so-called swirl pattern. They form a spiral shape and continue to enter the ridge lines. In this article, we will cover the in-display fingerprint scanner.
How does in-display fingerprint scanning work?
Optical
- There are basically two main ways in-display fingerprint scanners work. The first is the optical technique. This is the older of the two methods, so it’s more likely to be found on phones from a few years ago or on budget devices (like the Meizu 16s). Simply put, optical in-display fingerprint scanners work by projecting light.
- The on-screen scanner operation area (which you can see in the image above) illuminates the finger. A sensor or camera below the screen then takes a photo of the digit. It is then compared to the version stored on the phone, and if it matches, it is unlocked. Simple!
Ultrasonic
- While optics is an older technology, ultrasound is currently in vogue. Specifically, this is the method used on flagship phones from Samsung, Huawei, and other premium phone manufacturers. Instead of using light, the ultrasonic approach uses, please, ultrasonic waves (high-frequency sound). Court! When you place your finger on the scanner, an ultrasonic wave is produced that interacts with the skin of the finger and bounces back.
- In other words, the ultrasonic method creates a 3D map of a digit, compared to the flat image of the optical method. This also means that it will work better if your fingers are wet or dirty.
- This ultrasonic method also has great safety implications. While you could theoretically fool an optical sensor with a photo of a fingerprint, an in-display ultrasonic scanner is much harder to fool: You’d need a 3D model of a finger, and even that might not work depending on the technology.
Final words: How Does in-Display Fingerprint Scanning Work
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