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A virtual machine (VM) is a virtual environment that works like a computer within a computer. It runs on an isolated partition of its host computer with its own CPU power, memory, operating system (such as Windows, Linux, macOS), and other resources. End users can run applications in virtual machines and use them as usual on their workstation. A virtual machine is a computer file, usually called an image, that behaves like a real computer. It can run in a window as a separate computing environment, often to run another operating system, or even function as the full user computing experience, as is common on many people’s work computers.
How does a virtual machine work?
Virtualization is the process of creating a “virtual” or software-based version of a computer, with dedicated amounts of CPU, memory, and storage that are “borrowed” from a physical host computer, such as your personal computer, and/or a remote server, such as a server in a cloud provider’s data center. A virtual machine is a computer file, usually called an image, that behaves like a real computer.
It can run in a window as a separate computing environment, often to run a different operating system, or even function as the full user computing experience, as is common on many people’s work computers. The virtual machine is partitioned from the rest of the system, which means that the software inside a VM cannot interfere with the host computer’s main operating system.
What are virtual machines used for?
Here are some ways virtual machines are used:
- Creation and implementation of applications in the cloud.
- Try a new operating system (OS), including beta versions.
- Rolling out a new environment to make it easier and faster for developers to run development test scenarios.
- Backup of your existing operating system.
- Accessing virus-infected data or running an old application by installing an older operating system.
- Run software or applications on operating systems for which they were not originally intended.
What are the benefits of using virtual machines?
Although virtual machines function as individual computers with individual operating systems and applications, they have the advantage of remaining completely independent of each other and of the physical host machine. A piece of software called a hypervisor, or virtual machine manager, allows you to run different operating systems on different virtual machines at the same time. This makes it possible to run Linux virtual machines, for example, on a Windows operating system, or to run an older version of Windows on a newer Windows operating system.
And, because virtual machines are independent of one another, they’re also extremely portable. You can move a VM on one hypervisor to another hypervisor on a completely different machine almost instantly.
Due to their flexibility and portability, virtual machines provide many benefits, such as:
- Cost savings – Running multiple virtual environments from a single piece of infrastructure means you can drastically reduce the physical footprint of your infrastructure. This increases your bottom line by reducing the need to maintain nearly the same number of servers and saving on maintenance and electricity costs.
- Agility and speed – Spinning up a VM is relatively easy and quick, and it’s much simpler than provisioning an entirely new environment for your developers. Virtualization makes the process of executing test and development scenarios much faster.
- Reduced downtime: Virtual machines are so portable and easy to move from one hypervisor to another on a different machine, which means they’re a great backup solution, in case the host goes down unexpectedly.
- Scalability – Virtual machines allow you to more easily scale your applications by adding more physical or virtual servers to spread the workload across multiple virtual machines. As a result, you can increase the availability and performance of your applications.
- Security benefits: Because virtual machines run on multiple operating systems, using a guest operating system on a VM allows you to run questionable security applications and protects your host operating system. Virtual machines also allow for better security forensics and are often used to safely study computer viruses, isolating them to avoid putting your host computer at risk.
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