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We are all aware that one term, OS for ‘Operating System’, is responsible for managing all the hardware resources on your laptop or desktop, as well as facilitating proper communication between applications and your computer hardware. LINUX is a type of operating system, similar to Windows XP, Windows 7, Windows 8 and MAC. LINUX is the most widely used operating system and is known for its efficiency and speed. LINUX is based on the Linux Kernel and was initially introduced by Linux Torvalds. It can run on a variety of hardware platforms, including HP, Intel, IBM, and others. We will look at a variety of Linux interview questions and answers in this post, which will not only help you prepare for the interview, but also help you remember the answers.
Insides of the Linux operating system
What are the basic elements or components of Linux?
Linux generally consists of five basic elements or components, as listed below.
- Kernel – It is considered to be a kernel or main part of Linux and is generally responsible for all the main activities of the operating system, such as process management, device management, etc.
- System Library – These are special functions or programs with the help of which application programs or system utilities can access kernel functions without any code requirements. It is simply used to implement the functionality of the operating system.
- System Utility: These are utility programs that are responsible for performing specialized tasks at an individual level. They are considered more responsible and allow users to manage the computer.
- Hardware: This is physical hardware that includes things like a mouse, keyboard, screen, CPU, etc.
- Shell: It is an environment in which we can execute our commands, shell scripts and programs. It is an interface between the user and the kernel that hides all the complexities of kernel functions from the user. It is used to execute commands.
What is BASH?
BASH (Bourne Again Shell) is basically a command language interpreter. It was written by Brian Fox for GNU OS and can be used instead of the Bourne Shell. It is similar to the Bourne Shell, but includes some additional features, such as command line editing, that make it easier and more convenient to use. It is the default user shell on most Linux installations. It is basically an interpreted and not compiled process that can also be run in the terminal window. It is also capable of reading commands from shell scripts.
What is the core? Explain their functions.
A kernel is considered the main component of the Linux operating system. It is simply a resource manager that acts as a bridge between hardware and software. Its main function is to manage hardware resources for users and is generally used to provide an interface for user-level interaction. A kernel is the first program that is loaded each time a computer system is started. It is also known as low-level system software.
What are two types of Linux user mode?
There are two types of Linux user mode as below:
What is LILO?
LILO (Linux Loader) is basically a boot loader for Linux which is used to load Linux into memory and boot the operating system. It is also known as boot manager which makes it easy to dual boot a computer. It can function as a master boot program or as a secondary boot program and performs various functions such as locating the kernel, identifying other support programs, loading memory, and booting the kernel. If you want to use the Linux operating system, you need to install a special bootloader i.e. LILO as it enables fast booting of the Linux operating system.
What is swap space?
Swap space, as the name suggests, is basically space on a hard drive that is used when the amount of physical memory or RAM is full. It is considered a substitute for physical memory. Its main function is to substitute disk space for RAM when the actual RAM does not have enough space to hold all the programs that are running and more space is required. In simple words, Linux can use it as an extension of RAM.
What do you mean by a process state in Linux?
Linux Process is a type of process that can be in several different states. The process enters these states from start to finish. The process states in Linux are as follows:
- New/Ready: In this state, a new process is created and is ready to run.
- Running: In this state, the process is running.
- Blocked/Wait: In this state, the process is waiting for user input and if it has no resources to execute like memory, file locks, input then it can stay in a wait or blocked state.
- Terminated/Completed: In this state, the process has completed execution or has been terminated by the operating system.
- Zombie – In this state, the process ends but information about the process still exists and is available in the process table.
What is Linux Shell? What types of shells are there in Linux?
The Linux shell is a user interface present between the user and the kernel. It is used to execute commands and communicate with the Linux operating system. Linux shell is basically a program used by users to execute commands. It accepts human-readable commands as input and converts them into an understandable kernel language. Different types of shells are commonly used on the typical Linux system, as follows:
- CSH (C shell)
- KSH (Korn Breastplate)
- BASH (Bourne Shell Again)
- HSCT
- ZSH
- bourne shell
Name the different types of modes used in the VI editor.
The VI editor (Visual Editor) is basically a default text editor that usually comes with most Linux operating systems. There are basically three types of modes used in the VI editor as follows:
- Command Mode/Regular Mode: This is the default mode for vi editors. It is generally used to write commands that normally perform particular or specific vi functions. To enter this mode from another mode (Insert mode), you must press [esc]. In simple words, it allows you to view the content.
- Insert Mode/Edit Mode: This mode allows you to edit text or write text to a file. To enter this mode from another mode (command mode), you must press [esc]. In simple words, it allows you to delete or insert text or content.
- Ex Mode/Replace Mode: This mode is generally used to save files and execute commands. It basically runs files with different parameters. To enter this mode, press [:]. In simple words, it allows you to overwrite content or text.
What is the maximum length of a filename in Linux?
The maximum length of a filename in Linux is 255 bytes.
Name the Linux which is specially designed by Sun micro system.
Linux that is specially designed by Sun micro system is Solaris.
In Linux system, what is the typical size of swap partitions?
The typical size of a swap partition on a Linux system should be twice the amount of physical memory or RAM available on the system.
What are file permissions in Linux? Name different types of file systems in Linux.
There are three owners in Linux system i.e. user, group and others. These owners have three types of permissions defined as follows:
- Read (r): Allows the user to open and read the file or list the directory.
- Write (w): Allows the user to open and modify the file. New files can also be added to the directory.
- Execute (x): Allows the user to execute or run the file. You can also search for a specific file within a directory.
Assign a name to the file that is used to automatically mount the file systems.
The file used to automatically mount file systems is an Fstab file.
What is LVM and why is it necessary?
LVM (Logical Volume Management) is basically a tool that provides logical volume management for the Linux kernel. It is presented simply to facilitate the management of physical storage devices. It also includes disk mapping, striping, mirroring, and resizing of logical volumes. Its main advantages are greater abstraction, flexibility and control. It simply allows flexible disk space management. It is especially necessary to resize the online file system. On Linux, the size of the LVM partition can be extended with the “lvextend” command and can be reduced with the “lvreduce” commands, respectively.
Final words: Linux Interview Questions
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