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Chemistry is one of the most fascinating sciences. Mixing certain chemicals in a certain ratio can cause quite indeterminate reactions that are fun for students. Some chemical reactions are easily spectacular and can easily be carried out in chemistry laboratories with special precautions. Cooking in the kitchen is like chemical reactions in the laboratory. Here are the ten most exotic and surprising reactions that most students may not have seen or experienced.
Here is the list of the most spectacular chemical reactions
Diethylzinc and Air
Diethyl zinc is a very volatile compound. It will react violently and ignite when it comes into contact with water, air, and just about anything that can accept a pair of electrons or emit a proton. It is shipped in tubes sealed with carbon dioxide and can be used as jet fuel. In this video, when it comes into contact with oxygen, it burns to form zinc oxide, CO2, and water.
Nitrogen triiodide and touch
You can make this inorganic compound at home, but be aware that it is very dangerous. The compound is formed by the careful reaction of iodine and ammonia, by reacting iodine with an aqueous solution of ammonia. The result is an extremely sensitive contact explosive. Small amounts will explode with a loud, sharp bang when touched even lightly with a feather, releasing a purple cloud of iodine vapor.
sugar snake
Mixing sugar (sucrose) with sulfuric acid produces carbon and steam. However, sugar doesn’t just tan. Rather, the charcoal forms a tower of steam that is expelled from a glass or cup, resembling a black snake. The reaction also smells like burnt sugar. Another interesting chemical reaction can occur by combining sugar with baking soda. Combustion of the mixture produces a safe “black snake” firework that burns like a spiral of black ash but does not explode.
pharaoh’s serpent
If you want to recreate the magic of Egypt in a workshop, this reaction is perfect for you. The hero of this process is mercury(II) thiocyanate or Hg(SCN)2. This white solid can be prepared in the laboratory by a precipitation reaction between mercuric nitrate or mercuric chloride with potassium thiocyanate. The chemical, when ignited, follows a kind of chain reaction that releases smoke and ash and grows into a snake-like olive pillar, hence the name. The color of the snake can be modified by adding suitable chemicals or dyes. However, mercury is a very toxic chemical and must be handled with care.
the exploding pen
Nitrogen triiodide is an extremely volatile compound and can be released by the slightest movement. The touch of a feather or even a mosquito perched on it can trigger its explosion. Iodine is a big atom and when three particles that big are attached to a small nitrogen atom, there is not enough room for vibration. This creates tension in the molecule that is waiting to be released. The explosion releases purple smoke and is truly a spectacular sight.
fire rainbow
When minerals are heated, the ions emit different colors of light. If you heat metals in a flame, you get a colored fire. While you can’t just mix different metals together to get a rainbow fire effect, if you line them up, you can get every color flame in the optical spectrum.
Calcium gluconate and heat
Calcium gluconate is commonly used to treat calcium deficiency. However, when heated, calcium gluconate breaks down and oxidizes to form water vapor and carbon dioxide. The decomposition products – calcium oxide and carbon – have a larger volume than the original substance, and therefore a “snake” is formed.
Hydrogen peroxide and potassium iodide
When hydrogen peroxide and potassium iodide are mixed in the right proportions, hydrogen peroxide breaks down very quickly. Soap is often added to this reaction to create a foam, sometimes called “elephant toothpaste.” The soapy water traps oxygen, a product of the reaction, and this creates a lot of bubbles. While hydrogen peroxide is often used as a disinfectant, potassium iodide can be used as a medication to treat hyperthyroidism.
Elephant toothpaste reaction
The elephant toothpaste reaction is the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, which is catalyzed by the iodine ion. The reaction produces a ton of hot, steamy foam, which can be colored or even pulled to look like toothpaste. Why is it called the elephant toothpaste reaction? Only an elephant with tusks needs a strip of toothpaste as wide as the one that produces this amazing reaction.
Nitrogen monoxide and carbon disulfide
Often referred to as the “dog bark” reaction, it is a chemical reaction that results from the ignition of carbon disulfide and nitric oxide, or nitrous oxide, in a long tube. The reaction produces a bright blue glow and a barking or buzzing sound. When the mixture ignites, a wave of combustion travels down the pipe. The gas in front of the wave front is compressed and explodes at a distance that depends on the length of the pipe.
The exothermic decomposition reaction between nitric oxide (oxidizer) and carbon disulfide (fuel) forms nitrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and sulfur. In April 1853, Justus von Liebig, considered one of the founding fathers of modern organic chemistry, reacted to a barking dog in front of the Bavarian royal family. Unfortunately, the glass jar shattered, injuring the family and Libing himself.
supercooled water
In this experiment, purified water is cooled below its freezing point and then crystallized into ice with a single touch. This can be done at home with a bottle of distilled water. Just let it chill in the freezer, untouched, for about two hours. Then take it out and shake or hit it.
Since water has no impurities, water molecules do not have a nucleus around which to form solid crystals. The external energy provided in the form of a tap will cause the supercooled water molecules to form solid crystals through nucleation and start a chain reaction that rapidly crystallizes the water throughout the bottle.
The Meissner Effect
Cooling a superconductor below its transient temperature will make it transmagnetic, causing it to float on top of a magnet. This phenomenon has led to the concept of frictionless transportation, where an object can be lifted along a track instead of clinging to wheels. This effect, however, can also be easily reproduced in a laboratory. You’ll need a superconductor and a neodymium magnet, along with liquid nitrogen. Cool the superconductor with liquid nitrogen and place the magnet on top to observe the oscillation.
termite and ice
The thermite reaction is basically an example of what happens when a metal burns. What happens if you run the thermite reaction on a piece of ice? You get an impressive explosion. The reaction is so amazing that the “MythBusters” team tested it and found it to be true.
superfluid helium
A superfluid is the state of matter in which matter behaves like a fluid with zero viscosity. The point at which a fluid becomes superfluid is called the lambda point. Cooling the sun to its lambda point (-271°C) will render it superfluous, known as Helium II.
The sun’s ability to remain liquid at very low temperatures allows it to form a Bose-Einstein condensate, and individual particles overlap until they behave as one large particle. In this frictionless state, the sun will do things that other liquids can’t, like move through hairline cracks, defy gravity by climbing up the sides of a plate, and remain motionless in a moving container.
The giant bubble of dry ice
If you can find some dry ice (frozen carbon dioxide), try this experiment to create a big bubble at home. Be sure to take proper precautions with dry ice! Take a container and fill it halfway with water. Pour liquid soap into water and mix it. Wet the rims of the container with your fingers and add dry ice to the solution. Dip one foot in warm paraffin 3 times, pausing between layers to allow them to dry. Wait a moment while the dry ice gas is trapped inside the soap bubble, which will gradually begin to expand as the CO2 gas expands.
Ferrofluids and Magnetic Fields
Ferrofluid consists of nanoscale ferromagnetic particles suspended in a carrier fluid such as an organic solvent or oil. The magnetic particles are also coated with a surfactant to prevent buildup. They were first discovered by the NASA Research Center in the 1960s as part of a search for methods of controlling fluids in space. When exposed to strong magnetic fields, the fluids will produce spectacular shapes and patterns. These liquids can be prepared by combining proportions of Fe(II) and Fe(III) salts in base solution to form Fe3O4.
candy explosion
Potassium chloride, when reacted with caramel or any other source of sugar, produces a violet fire and a great deal of heat. These reactions at different scales have been used in pyrotechnics for centuries. Sugar has a lot of stored energy, which we generally think of as calories. Our body slowly releases this energy by breaking the bonds that exist in the sugar one by one.
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